At present, people are not exactly the same understanding of the equipment manufacturing industry, there is no generally accepted definition of an agreed definition and scope, the China International Economic Development Research Center, industry, special research fellow Luo 100-hui, functions and importance of the equipment, the equipment manufacturing industry consists mainly of three aspects:
The first major state-of machinery, equipment or manufacturing equipment - work "mother ship", mainly including the CNC machine tool (NC), flexible manufacturing cell (FMC), flexible manufacturing systems (FMS), computer integrated manufacturing system (DIMS) , industrial robots, large-scale integrated circuits and electronics manufacturing equipment and so on.
2 is an important mechanical, electronic-based pieces, mainly of advanced hydraulic, pneumatic, bearings, seals, dies, tools, low-voltage electrical appliances, microelectronics and power electronics, instrumentation and automation control systems and so on.
Third, the national economy sectors (including agriculture, energy, transportation, raw materials, medical and health, environmental protection, etc.) science, technology, military production needed to complete sets of major technical equipment, such as the wells of mineral resources and the open-pit mining equipment, large-scale thermal power, hydropower , nuclear power complete sets of equipment, EHV AC and DC power transmission complete sets of equipment, petrochemical, coal chemical, salt chemical complete sets of equipment, ferrous and nonferrous metal smelting rolling complete sets of equipment, civilian aircraft, high-speed railway, subway and urban rail cars, car , ships and other advanced transportation equipment, sewage, garbage and large-scale flue gas purification and other large environmental protection equipment, rivers and governance, the tunnel excavation and Shield, large-scale water projects and other large gas transmission complete sets of equipment required for the important, advanced and applicable agricultural machinery and modern facilities, complete sets of equipment in agriculture, large-scale scientific instruments and medical equipment, advanced large-scale military equipment, communications, air traffic control and aerospace equipment, and advanced printing equipment and so on.
Second, equipment manufacturing restructuring and revitalization of the planning elements
Equipment manufacturing industries for the national economy, the provision of technical equipment, strategic industries, industries associated with high, strong ability to absorb employment, technology and capital-intensive, industrial upgrading in various economic sectors, technological progress and an important guarantee for the concentrated expression of the national comprehensive strength.
In response to the international financial crisis, the implementation of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council about the protection of growth, expanding domestic demand, readjusting the structure of the general requirements to ensure the smooth development of equipment manufacturing industry, speed up structural adjustment, enhance self-innovation capability, and enhance the level of autonomy, promote industrial upgrading and special preparation of the plan, the equipment manufacturing industry as a comprehensive response to the action. The planning period 2009-2011.
1, the equipment manufacturing industry and the situation confronting the status quo
After years of development, China's equipment manufacturing industry has formed a complete range of larger scale, with a certain level of technology of the industrial system has become an important pillar industry in national economy. Especially the "speed up the revitalization of the State Council on Several Opinions of the equipment manufacturing industry" (国 发 〔2006〕 8) Since the implementation of significantly accelerating the development of the equipment manufacturing industry, a major technology and equipment significantly increased the level of their own, to further enhance the international competitiveness of some products technological level and market share rank in the world. China's equipment manufacturing industry has become a big country, but the industry is big but not strong capability of independent innovation is weak, the basis behind the manufacturing level, low-level redundant construction, independent innovation, promote the use of difficult product issues are still outstanding. At the same time, by the international financial crisis, since the second half of 2008, domestic and international market demand for equipment, the rapid decline of China's equipment manufacturing industry for years, high-speed growth momentum has slowed down production and operation difficulties, economic decline, the challenges of sustainable development .
It should be noted, China is currently in the expansion of domestic demand, accelerate infrastructure construction and industrial transformation and upgrading of the critical period of the advanced equipment has a huge market demand; the financial crisis has accelerated the adjustment of the world's industrial structure, in order to provide our country with a further division of labor involved in industry opportunities for the development of equipment manufacturing industry fundamentals have not changed. Must take effective measures to seize opportunities, speed up industrial restructuring, promoting industrial upgrading, enhancing technological innovation, and promote sustained and steady development of equipment manufacturing industry, in order to contribute to stable and rapid economic development.
2, guiding ideology, basic principles of objectives
(A) guiding ideology.
Comprehensively implement the party's 17 great spirit to Deng Xiaoping Theory and the "Three Represents" as guidance, thoroughly implement the scientific concept of development, relying on key national construction projects, large-scale independent of major technologies and equipment to carry out work; through increased technological transformation, and enhance independent innovation capability, greatly improve the basic component parts and basic craft level; by accelerating enterprise mergers and reorganizations, and product upgrading, promote the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure to upgrade the overall industrial competitiveness, efforts to promote the equipment manufacturing industry by large to strong changes.
(B) the basic principles.
Insist on independence of equipment, combined with the key construction projects. To strengthen policy support and market guidance, take full advantage of the implementation of key construction projects and the revitalization of key industries to adjust the formation of market demand, accelerate the self-oriented equipment to protect the project needs, promote industrial development.
Adhere to self-development and introduction of digestion and absorption of a combination. Support enterprises to develop new products independently, encourage the introduction of digestion and absorption of re-innovation, and guide enterprises to gradually from reliance on imported technology to independent innovation, change, vigorously promote technological industrialization.
Insistence on developing and improving infrastructure to make the level of machine combination. Efforts to achieve autonomy of major technical equipment to drive the basis of supporting product development. Basic pieces of technology to improve the level of development of special raw materials, auxiliary products to reverse the basic situation of dependence on imports.
Insistence on developing enterprise groups and support for specialized companies combined. Support equipment manufacturing enterprises through merger and reorganization of the backbone of the development of large-scale comprehensive enterprise group, encouraged by the stand-alone manufacturing mainframe-based manufacturing enterprise integration of the main changes to the system and guide the professional parts manufacturer to the "specialized, sophisticated, and special" direction, the formation of complementary and coordinated development of the industrial pattern.
(C) the planning objectives.
1). Industry to achieve steady growth. To maintain stable production and operation of the equipment manufacturing industry, increase the value of the proportion of the country's total industrial value added has gradually increased for the expansion of domestic demand, changes in mode of development, to ensure the steady growth of national economy to provide protection.
2). Gradually expand its market share. Improve the quality of domestically produced equipment, and expand the domestic market, domestic equipment, the domestic market to meet the rate remained stable at about 70%, the consolidation of export products a competitive advantage, stable export markets.
3). Major equipment development breakthrough. Comprehensively improve the level of major equipment and technology to meet the major state construction projects and key industrial restructuring to revitalize the needs of million-kilowatt-class nuclear power equipment, new energy power generation equipment, high-speed EMUs, high-grade CNC machine tools and basic manufacturing equipment and other equipment, realization of independence of a number of major .
4). Raise the level matching basis. Improve the level of basic parts manufacturers, General Motors parts basically meet the domestic market demand, the key automation and control components to fill the gaps, and special raw materials to achieve breakthroughs in key areas.
5). Organizational structure optimization and upgrading. The formation of certain items of furniture are internationally competitive large enterprise groups, industry and trade integration, to form a group to participate in international division of labor "specialized, refined, and special" specialized parts and components manufacturers.
6). Significant change in growth mode. Production organization and significant improvements in production technology, modern manufacturing industry can be developed, the unit of industrial added value energy consumption, material consumption and pollutant emissions of a significant reduction in labor productivity significantly increased, large enterprise groups, modern manufacturing services revenue in the proportion of sales revenue to reach more than 20%.
Three, industrial restructuring and revitalization of the main tasks of
(A) rely on the field ten key projects to revitalize the equipment manufacturing industry.
1). Efficient and clean power generation. Liaoning Hongyanhe, Ningde and Fuqing, Fujian, Guangdong Yangjiang and Sanmen, Zhejiang, Fong Shan, Shandong Haiyang nuclear power plant construction projects, as well as relying on the follow-up, promoting second-generation improved, AP1000 nuclear power equipment independently, focusing on achieving pressure vessel, steam generators, control rod drive mechanism, nuclear grade valve, and emergency equipment, diesel and other major domestic manufacturing. To the northeast, northwest and north China in the north and coastal areas relying on large-scale wind farm projects, promoting wind power equipment, self-oriented, focusing on achieving frequency conversion control systems, wind power bearing, carbon fiber blades and other products of domestic manufacture. Further increases up to 70 million kw hydropower equipment, large-scale pumped-storage units, million kilowatt-class supercritical / ultra supercritical thermal power equipment, large-scale gas-fired units, garbage incineration power generation equipment, the performance of the quality of technical equipment. Development of solar power equipment. The development of large thermal power, nuclear power plant auxiliary equipment.
2). UHV power transmission. With special high-voltage AC and DC power transmission demonstration project relies on the exchange of transformers, DC converter transformers, reactors, current transformers, voltage transformers, all enclosed switchgear, etc. focus on promoting the 750 kV, 1000 kV AC and ± 800 kV DC transmission and transformation equipment, self-oriented.
3). Coal and metal ore mining. To Pingshuo East, the victory of the East on the 2nd, White Yin-hua, Zhaoyang 10 million-ton large-scale open pit, acid thorn deep ditch 10 coal mines, as well as the construction of large-scale metal mines rely on, vigorously develop new mining, upgrading, washing sorting equipment, focusing on achieving electric traction shearer, hydraulic support, large-scale mining electric wheel dump truck, large-scale open-pit excavators and other equipment using domestic manufacturing.
4). Liquefied natural gas pipeline transmission and storage and transportation. To West-East second-line, three lines, and Shaanxi-Beijing natural gas pipeline project as relying on the development of long-distance pipeline fuel pressure units, large-scale pipeline ball valves and control systems and other equipment; in Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Zhuhai, Qingdao LNG terminal project Relying on the development of large-scale liquefied natural gas carriers and terminal and other equipment.
5). High-speed railway. To the construction of Beijing-Shanghai, Beijing-Guangzhou, Beijing-Shenyang, Shanghai and Kunming is about 10,000 kilometers and other high-speed rail passenger line, and west trunk railway, Coal Transportation Corridor construction project relies on self-organization and implementation of rail transportation equipment, high-speed moving vehicles group, high-power AC drive electric / diesel locomotives, heavy trucks, large-scale maintenance machinery and equipment of domestic manufacture.
6). Urban rail transit. In Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Shenzhen and other 17 cities in nearly 70 lines, relying on the project, focusing on the implementation of urban rail transit vehicles, signal system, train network control system, brake system, main and auxiliary inverters and other electrical equipment independent of .
7). Agriculture and rural areas. The state added 100 billion kilograms of grain, works as the basis, to develop high-power tractors and associated farm machinery, energy saving and environmentally friendly medium-sized tractors and other farm machinery, general-purpose corn combine harvester, a new semi-feeding type of rice combine harvester, maize and efficient joint harvesters, and other self-propelled cotton picker harvesting machinery, no-tillage planter, water-saving irrigation equipment. Adapt to the new rural construction, agricultural modernization needs, focusing on the development of deep processing of farm produce complete sets of equipment, irrigation and drainage equipment, methane addition to feeding equipment, rural safe drinking water purification equipment.
8). Infrastructure. To adapt to transportation, energy, water conservancy, and real estate development of the industry needs, with a large tunnel boring machine, large crawler cranes and all terrain cranes, bridge building equipment, asphalt concrete mixing and recycling equipment, etc. focusing on the development of large, new construction machinery; to air traffic control equipment and air traffic control automation systems, baggage and cargo high-speed sorting systems, security equipment and intelligent monitoring systems, aircraft and equipment, integrated system significantly, airport information integration systems and equipment focusing on the development of airport-specific equipment; to a large bucket wheel stacker reclaimer, dumper, loading and unloading ships etc. focusing on the development of port machinery.
9). The ecological environment and people's livelihood. To adapt to environmental protection and social needs of the people, vigorously develop the sewage sludge treatment equipment, desulphurization and denitration equipment, waste heat than gas recycling equipment, environmental on-line monitoring instrumentation, food, medicines, coal mine gas and other safety testing equipment, a major accident emergency rescue equipment , digital medical equipment.
10). Science and technology major projects. Accelerate the implementation of high-end CNC machine tools and basic manufacturing equipment technology major projects, focusing on development of high-speed precision CNC metal cutting machine tool complex, heavy-duty CNC metal cutting machine tools, numerical control special machine tools, large-scale CNC forming stamping equipment, heavy-duty forging equipment, clean and efficient casting equipment, new welding equipment and automated production equipment, large-scale clean heat treatment and surface treatment equipment and so on eight categories of mainframe products, basic grasp the high-end CNC equipment, motors and drives, numerical control machine tools components, key components such as core technology.
(B) seize the nine industries key projects, implementation of the autonomy of equipment.
1). Iron and steel industry. To iron and steel industry restructuring and revitalization planning projects identified in relying on, to hot and cold rolling wide strip complete sets of equipment, large-scale slab continuous casting machine, color coated steel production equipment, large-scale oxygen machine, a large blast furnace fans, heat recovery unit, etc. focus on promoting large-scale metallurgical independent of complete sets of equipment.
2). Automotive industry. With implementation of the auto industry to restructure and revitalize the planning, focus on improving automotive stamping, assembly and welding, painting, assembling the four levels of technique and equipment to achieve the engine, transmission, new energy automotive power modules and other key components to produce the required independent of equipment.
3). Petrochemical industry. Petrochemical industrial restructuring and revitalization planning projects identified by relying, to 10 million-ton oil refining, megaton large-scale ethylene and terephthalic acid (PTA), large chemical fertilizer, large-scale coal chemical and liquefied gas storage and transportation and other complete sets of equipment, large-scale centrifugal compressors, large-scale displacement compressor, key valve, the reaction heat exchangers, extrusion granulation machine, large-scale air separation plants, cryogenic pumps, etc. focus on promoting independent of petrochemical equipment.
4). Shipbuilding industry. With implementation of the shipbuilding industry restructuring and revitalization of the planning, focus on improving the welding, coating technology and equipment standards, and achieve marine diesel engine, crankshaft, propeller, cabin equipment, deck machinery and other equipment required to manufacture key parts of their own.
5). Light. Combination of light industry restructuring and revitalization of the implementation of planning to food machinery, pulp and paper making machinery, plastic molding machinery, leather shoe-making machinery, optical electromechanical integration, sewing machines, packaging equipment and food safety testing equipment as the focus, to promote light industry Mechanical self-oriented.
6). Textile industry. With implementation of the restructuring and revitalization of the textile industry planning to thickness Alliance, the small network together, high-speed weaving equipment, non-woven complete sets of equipment, special weaving complete sets of equipment, efficient, continuous, short-focus on processes such as dyeing and finishing equipment to promote independent of textile machinery.
7). Non-ferrous metal industry. With the implementation of non-ferrous metals industrial restructuring and revitalization planning to high-precision rolling mill, large and complex cross-section cross-section extrusion machines focus on promoting independence of non-ferrous metallurgical equipment.
8). Electronic information industry. With the implementation of electronic information industry restructuring and revitalization of planning to IC key equipment, flat panel display production equipment, new components production equipment, surface mount and lead-free process equipment in conjunction machine equipment, electronic instruments and special equipment such as Tool & Die focus on promoting self-based electronics and information equipment.
9). National defense. With the development needs of national defense, to aviation, aerospace, ships, weapons, the nuclear industry and other key technology and equipment needed, as well as testing, inspection equipment as the focus, to promote national defense equipment, self-oriented. To play a military technological superiority, promote civil-military integration.
(C) enhance the level of the four supporting product manufacturing, consolidate industrial foundation for development.
1). Heavy Casting and Forging. Focus on developing large-scale nuclear power equipment, Casting and Forging, million-kilowatt-class supercritical / ultra-supercritical thermal power units Casting and Forging, 70 million kw rating of large Francis-type turbine group Casting and Forging, petrochemical, coal chemical industry heavy container forging, hot and cold rolling mill Casting and Forging, large-scale marine crankshafts, propeller shaft forgings, large bearing ring forgings.
2). Basic components. Focus on developing high-power electric and electronic components, functional modules, large-scale, precision bearings, precision gears, high strength fasteners, high pressure piston pump / motor, hydraulic valves, hydraulic electronic controller, hydraulic transmission, pneumatic components, Bearing sealing systems, rubber seals and so on. Accelerate the development of industrial automation control systems and instrumentation, high-grade sensors.
3). Processing aids. Focus on developing large-scale precision cavity molds, precision stamping die, high-grade mold standard parts, high efficiency, high performance, sophisticated tools, high-precision, intelligent, digital measuring instruments, such as high-grade precision abrasives.
4). Special raw materials. Focus on developing high-temperature, high pressure, corrosion-resistant steel plant (steel), large transformer with high magnetic induction oriented silicon steel, high pressure, ultra high voltage power transmission and transformation equipment, insulation materials, high-speed train bogies, wheel-to-use special steel, aircraft with high-grade aluminum, bearings, gears, dies, measuring tools, cutting tools, high-strength fasteners with special steel, tool steel, ball screw and linear guide dedicated, high wear-resistant steel, high strength, high temperature, low wear, long life composite seal materials.
(D) to promote the work of seven key areas, transform industrial mode of development.
1). Speed up the restructuring of industrial organization. Key support for equipment manufacturing backbone enterprises cross-industry, trans-regional, cross-ownership structures, and gradually formed a general contracting, systems integration, international trade and the financing capacity of large enterprise groups. Increase business investment in key infrastructure to make efforts to guide the private capital and foreign capital on infrastructure components, processing aids in areas such as the development of a number of high starting point, large-scale, specialized enterprises, improve the industrial supporting system.
2). Enhance the capability of independent innovation. Increase R & D investment, focus on capturing a number of long plagued the development of common technology industry. Strong impetus to speed up construction of a number of national engineering research centers, engineering research centers, engineering labs and upgrade its enterprise product development, manufacturing, testing, testing capacity. Promote enterprise integration as the main production and research and encourage scientific research institutes into enterprises, support enterprises to develop stronger R & D team.
3). Improve the professional levels of production. Improving the organization of production and rational allocation of resources, integration within the region casting, forging, heat treatment, surface treatment of the four basic processes, and build specialized production centers. Intensity of technological transformation investment, promotion of advanced manufacturing technologies and cleaner production methods, improve material utilization and production efficiency, reduce energy consumption and reducing pollutant emissions.
4). Accelerate the improvement of product standards system. Speed up the system (repair) to provide equipment, technical standards, raise the standard level, to promote new technologies, new processes, new equipment, promotion and application of new materials and eliminate backward products. Tracking the international advanced technology trends, focusing on international standards, and actively participate in international standard system (Amendment) to provide work to promote independent innovation products to enter the international market.
5). The use of overseas resources and markets. Fully absorb the advanced management experience, learn from overseas, selectively importing advanced technology, professional and technical personnel from overseas to return and work to create favorable conditions to improve China's equipment manufacturing industry technical standards. Support qualified enterprises through mergers and acquisitions of foreign enterprises and R & D institutions. The stability and expansion of equipment, exports, raising export product technology content, added value and sets the level.
6). The development of modern manufacturing service. Around the industry to upgrade and support equipment manufacturing backbone enterprises in the project contracting, system integration, equipment leasing, provide solutions, re-manufacturing areas such as value-added services, and gradually realize the production-based manufacturing to service-oriented manufacturing changes. Encourage qualified enterprises, extended the R & D, design, information technology services business, for other companies to provide social services.
7). Strengthening enterprise management and personnel ranks. Guide equipment manufacturing enterprises to speed up the pace of reform, optimize the structure of property rights, change their operational mechanism, establish a modern enterprise system, strengthen enterprise management, improve the scientific and decision-making and production, management level, and enhance participation in international competition and guard against market risks. Organization to improve production, enhance product quality, management, and implementation of various safety production measures to improve production efficiency and product quality. Strengthen the development of qualified personnel, focusing on the introduction and cultivation of innovative R & D personnel, pioneering management personnel, senior skilled personnel and other professionals, and strengthen staff training and improve the quality of the workforce to meet the needs of sustainable development of enterprises.
4, policy measures
(A) to serve as value-added tax policies.
Give full play to value-added tax policies on the promotion of the role of technical progress of enterprises, encourage enterprises to increase the technological transformation and accelerate the modernization, the adjustment of product structure, and encourage enterprises to technological progress.
(B) strengthening management of investment projects, procurement of equipment.
Investment projects in the central budget to support the independent innovation of technologies and equipment. The project shall be accompanied by the filing of documents in the list of equipment procurement, project consultation and evaluation phase of equipment procurement program required to assess the project implementation phase of bidding for equipment to strengthen the supervision and guidance to ensure that independent innovation, the implementation of equipment procurement program.
(C) encourage the use of domestically produced in the first (sets) of equipment.
Made to establish the use of the first pieces (sets) of equipment risk compensation mechanism. Made to encourage insurance companies to carry out the first pieces (sets) of major technologies and equipment insurance.
(Iv) increased investment in technological progress and transformation.
Development of "equipment manufacturing and technological progress and technical innovation projects and product catalog," and supports the use of domestic first pieces (sets) of major technical equipment, support equipment, independent of the directory, energy and materials reduction transformation, enterprise merger and reorganization of internal resource integration , regional four basic arts and crafts center building, the development of modern manufacturing services, and so on.
(V) support and equipment exports.
Improve the export tax rebate policy, appropriately increasing the part of the high-tech and high value-added products, the export tax rebate rate and equipment. To encourage financial institutions to increase their export credits the money to support domestic enterprises to contract outside of major infrastructure projects, promote export of complete sets of equipment and construction machinery.
(Vi) adjusting the preferential taxation policies.
To encourage the introduction of digestion and absorption of re-innovation on the producing countries to support the development of major technical equipment and products, it is necessary imports of key components and raw materials, customs duties and import VAT. In castings, forgings, die, CNC machine tools to implement value-added tax refunded after the expiry of the policy, study and formulate new tax support policies, scope of application of adjustment policies to guide the development of high technology, high value-added products.
(Vii) to promote enterprise mergers and reorganizations.
To encourage domestic enterprises to develop trans-regional, cross-sectoral, cross-ownership restructuring of policies and measures to properly resolve the resettlement of redundant personnel, the debt authorized and disposal, financial and taxation issues such as the distribution of benefits; for restructuring companies issuing stocks, corporate bonds, corporate bonds, long-term notes, short-term financing bills and apply for loans to support it; on mergers and acquisitions of domestic enterprises, foreign manufacturers and R & D institutions, grant-related projects discount loans. Encourage financial institutions to risk-controlled domestic and foreign mergers and acquisitions carried out under the conditions of lending operations.
(Viii) the implementation of energy-saving products subsidies and farm machinery purchase subsidy policies.
Subsidies for energy-saving products make good use of funds, the purchase of energy-efficient equipment, products, end-users are subsidized, first launched in 2009 on subsidies to promote the use of high-performance motors. And carry out a good farm machinery purchase subsidy policy, as soon as possible to honor the home.
(Ix) the establishment of industrial information disclosure system.
Industrial policy, issued in due course to the community-oriented, project approval, corporate restructuring, capacity utilization, import and export, production and sales of inventory and other information for investment decision-making, bank loans, land, etc. to provide information to guide the pre-trial.
(10) Support product inspection and testing and certification institution-building.
Enhance product quality inspection and test capacity-building, improve the quality of detection level. Construction of high-speed rail, urban rail transit, and other new equipment, product inspection and testing and certification bodies, improve the national compulsory product certification system.
5, planning implementation
Relevant departments of the State Council, according to "planning" division of labor as soon as possible to develop sound policies and measures, in close coordination and concerted efforts to ensure that "planning" smooth implementation. Should be an opportunity to "planning" of the post-evaluation work, timely evaluations.
Various regions according to the "planning" to determine the objectives, tasks and policy measures, combined with local conditions to speed up formulating detailed implementation plans to achieve substantial results. Specific work programs and implementation process of the new situation and new problems must be promptly submitted to the Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and other departments concerned.
3, 2009 Analysis of the development of equipment manufacturing industry
Equipment manufacturing industry is related to the economic development and national defense construction, the provision of technical equipment, basic and strategic industry. The global financial crisis has been the development of China's equipment manufacturing industry constitutes a serious challenge, Lo 100-hui analysts believe that 4 trillion yuan in China's investment boost domestic demand and stimulate economic growth, background, speed up transformation and upgrading of equipment manufacturing industry, will help defuse the financial crisis adverse effects, and powers made for China's equipment manufacturing industry from the changes in power equipment manufacturing industry.
1,30 years of achievements
After reform and opening up 30 years of development, China's equipment manufacturing industry has made remarkable achievements, forming a whole gamut, with a considerable size and a certain level of equipment manufacturing system for national economic development and made important contributions to national defense.
First of all, the pillar industry of China's equipment manufacturing industry is becoming increasingly prominent position. In recent years, the rapid development of China's equipment manufacturing industry, its growth rate is higher than the manufacturing sector, stimulating rapid economic growth has become a major driving force. In 2007, China's equipment manufacturing industry output reached 11.94 trillion yuan, accounting for manufacturing industrial output value 33.77%, and more than Japan, Germany, ranked second in the world.
Secondly, the ability of independent innovation of China's equipment manufacturing industry has improved significantly. Through the introduction of digesting and absorbing foreign advanced technology, support enterprises in independent innovation and technological innovation, has developed a group of independent intellectual property rights of major equipment, construction equipment, a number of high-level platform for innovation, a number of key products have reached international advanced level.
Thirdly, the international competitiveness of China's equipment manufacturing industry is being further enhanced. While maintaining the price advantage, quality, technical level has a big change, a group of major equipment, has occupied the international market in the international arena to establish a good reputation first. Since 2009, in the central range of the positive role of macro-control policies, the equipment manufacturing industry to the good momentum in stabilizing the increasingly obvious that the restructuring and revitalization effects of planning policy has gradually emerged. By 2009 three quarters of the general operation of the equipment manufacturing industry stable, growth gradually accelerated, reversing a slide in profits.
Fourth, China's equipment manufacturing industry clustering effect of beginning to achieve. According to its foundation and around the edge, is building a number of high-level equipment manufacturing base, showing the development of clue gathering. With the state-owned enterprise reforms, has emerged the trend of mergers and acquisitions, industry concentration further improved.
Fifth, China's equipment manufacturing enterprises "going out" to achieve initial success. The domestic machine tool industry has acquired 10 foreign machine tool enterprises, Sany Heavy Industry, West Electric Group, invest and establish factories in foreign countries, Huawei, ZTE, Lenovo, etc., have set up overseas R & D centers. A number of equipment manufacturing companies have in the international arena, becoming an international big business.
However, from the current development situation, even though China has become the world's largest equipment manufacturing country, but still not power equipment manufacturing industry. Faces some major problems: the ability of independent innovation is weak, a high external dependence on core technology be controlled by others in the international competition at a disadvantage; extensive mode of development has not been fundamentally changed the scale and speed of one-sided pursuit of development has not been out of the traditional industrialization a large number of old-consumption of resources, the overall quality is not high, industry concentration is low, the lack of internationally competitive large enterprises; industrial base is weak, basic manufacturing equipment, basic components, key raw materials to develop lagging high-tech equipment, industrial reforms and integration with traditional insufficient degree of information technology equipment manufacturing industry is not high, far can not meet the needs of China's industrialization process.
2,09-year development status of
In recent months, the financial crisis, a serious impact on the global economy, world economic downside risks become more acute, the negative impact on China's economy becomes increasingly obvious. China's industrial output growth has declined for four straight months, above-scale industrial added value in October increased 16% from June's sharp fall to 8.2%, the lowest since 2002. Affected by this, China's equipment manufacturing industry is facing serious challenges, primarily in the following three areas.
First of all, by the financial crisis, China's equipment manufacturing industry production and sales in 2009 increased sharply.
China's Ministry of Information Industry and the data showed: January-September 2009, China's machinery industry achieved industrial added value down 4.2 percentage points year on year growth in some products or even negative growth. The industrial output value of auto industry growth rate fell 14 percent, vehicle exports have more than double year on year and ring slide.
Secondly, the follow-up orders for the equipment manufacturing industry in China has recently shown a sharp downward trend. Machine tools, power generation equipment, heavy machinery and other products new orders plummeted, with Shanghai Electric Group, for example, in September orders for domestic equipment is only 6% a year earlier. Into October, the Chinese shipping market, a "standstill" state, received new ship orders for the month was only the amount of orders this year, on average, 10% of the withdrawals, or even the phenomenon.
Third, the financial crisis has also led to equipment manufacturing enterprises in the financial chain strained. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Equipment Industry Secretary, Zhang Xiang Mu said that due to shrinking market demand, resulting in a large backlog of finished products companies, accounts receivable increase, cash flow problems. At the same time, by the product prices and high inventories of raw materials to digest the dual pressures of the impact of a general decline in corporate profits.
3,09 years of development features and summary
In 2009, the development of equipment manufacturing industry shows the following characteristics: First, the overall realization of a stable and relatively fast growth. By 2009 three quarters of above-scale equipment, industrial added value increased by 11.2%, of which 7,8,9 on year growth of 15.9%, respectively, 16.1%, 16.8%. Second, the steady economic recovery. January 2009 ~ August, a total profit of the equipment manufacturing industry increased by 8.06%. Third, investment in fixed assets continued to grow. January 2009 ~ August, equipment manufacturing fixed asset investment growth rate of 38.9%, higher than the national growth rate of urban fixed-asset investment 5.9 percentage points. Composition from the investment perspective, the equipment manufacturing industry and expansion project of the investment growth rate is far faster than the investment growth rate of new projects that pay more attention to strengthening the technical transformation of enterprises. At the same time, due to the introduction of value-added tax in 2009, corporate investment in the purchase of new equipment, the proportion increased. Fourth, the state has adopted preferential tax policies that effectively reduced the cost of doing business pressures to improve some mechanical and electrical products export tax rebate rate, adjust the key components and raw materials import tax preferential policies to reduce the business cost pressure has played an important role.
The foregoing indicates that in 2009 the central role in the implementation of the package, the equipment manufacturing industry to overcome the impact of the international financial crisis and impact through the most difficult period, increasing the positive factors, the overall trend has been for the better operation clear. Practice has proved that the Party Central Committee and the State Council to deal with international financial crises of the decision-making and arrangements are completely correct, and taken a series of policies and measures are timely, powerful and effective. LAW 100-hui said that China's equipment manufacturing industry by the impact of domestic and international economic situation is global in nature, suffered the impact is unprecedented. But the crisis is also an opportunity, as long as to seize the opportunity, timely and eliminate backward products, backward technology and backward production capacity, to achieve industrial restructuring and upgrading, will be able to calmly deal with. At the same time, China has also decided to invest 4 trillion yuan stimulate domestic demand, promote economic growth, which will also become a driving force of China's equipment manufacturing industry and an important "engine."
The financial crisis has evolved into a global catastrophe, most of the countries most important task is to quickly "stop bleeding." However, he believes that this financial crisis for the medium-term industrialization of our country is in the equipment manufacturing industry, the impact is also "positive" side, can form a "Daobi mechanism", forcing enterprises restructuring and upgrading. The financial crisis for China's equipment manufacturing enterprises is also an opportunity. "In the financial crisis, who can stand firm, who can not fall, who will be able to occupy the high ground in this industry. In order to achieve this, the key also optimize the product structure, improve its international competitiveness." the financial crisis has a powerful country like China may become the opportunity, especially for the equipment manufacturing industry by the financial crisis that the smaller industries, is the introduction of the world's advanced technologies, and form their own core competitiveness and industrial upgrading the completion of the "golden opportunity" and stronger equipment manufacturing industry, will greatly promote the steady development of China's economy. The face of crisis, our government has said it will adopt a series of measures to accelerate the equipment manufacturing industry structural adjustment and restructuring and upgrading, which will undoubtedly give the industry an injection of a needle "tonic."
First, China is actively expanding domestic demand, will accelerate the implementation of the future construction of major infrastructure construction, as soon as possible to start a number of beneficial and enhance the economic development potential of large-scale projects, greater efforts to support the upgrading of industrial structure adjustment and optimization of key projects. Meanwhile, in advancing these key projects, it will further increase the proportion of purchases of domestic equipment.
Secondly, China will make comprehensive use of Chupin tax rebates, foreign trade development funds, financial discount policy measures to support with their own brands, the core technology, equipment manufacturing exports of major technology and equipment to maintain stable export growth.
Third, China's equipment manufacturing industry will also enhance credit support to make full use of the national implementation of appropriate loose monetary policy to ease the tension in the equipment manufacturing industry chain of the current funding situation, support for enterprises, especially SME development.
"Although China's current economic situation is grim faces, but after 30 years of reform and opening up the high-speed development, China already has a solid industrial foundation and the ability to resist risks. Based on fundamental, will be able to overcome the crisis, gaining the initiative in the international financial crisis, to promote structural adjustment, and ultimately the rapid development of equipment manufacturing industry. "Zhang Xiang Mu said.
4, 2010 Prospect of the equipment manufacturing industry
1, China's future development trend of the equipment manufacturing industry
According to the United Nations Statistics Division, China's total GDP of the world's fourth over the past two years, there is hope in Europe ranked third in the world GDP growth in the manufacturing sector in China, which plays a major role, and its growth rate is also is the fastest among the three industries. On the world economy despite the tertiary industry continued to develop, but in quite a long period of time, manufacturing is still an important part of economic development among, but also played a lead role in a major. China International Economic Development Research Center, industry, researchers invited 100-hui Luo, China's equipment manufacturing industry outlook remains bright: on the one hand the financial and economic crisis to Europe and the United States hurt the manufacturing sector, the other hand, many developing countries, continued economic growth and increase speed up the public infrastructure construction and machinery investment in basic industries, which makes equipment industry in the global market is very active. LAW 100-hui says that in the next five years, China's equipment manufacturing industry will continue to be leaps and bounds. We should take the scientific development concept as a guide to China's national interests as the fundamental perspective of global competition, through independent innovation, international mergers, clustering, information technology, service-oriented, quality-oriented, brand-oriented to give full play to China's equipment manufacturing industry the vitality, power and core competitiveness of the industry chain from a low-to high-jump, build sustainable development models to cope with intense competition, resources and energy shortages, cost increases, environmental protection and strengthen the challenge. In these changing trends, China's equipment manufacturing industry clustering, information technology, services, and branded the most prominent.
1), clustered
Manufacturing enterprises to achieve the industry's most efficient division of labor, the shortest path to collaboration and the lowest cost, gathered together in a region a competitive advantage to win the region. Clustering is not only refine and optimize the industrial chain division, promoting the production and research with the affairs of the combination of gold and other areas, give full play to the leading edge of SMEs, but also greatly reducing the development and manufacturing costs and improve the enterprise's independent innovation ability and marketing capabilities.
Silicon Valley electronics equipment industry group, Minneapolis Medical equipment industry group, Germany, Solingen knives industry group, the Stuttgart group of machine tool industry, are in the world is more typical of industrial clusters. China's industrial cluster has been in Guangdong, Fujian, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Shandong, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Sichuan and other regions take shape.
2), information technology
Equipment manufacturing industry, being a comprehensive information technology forward, mainly for the manufacture of information control to achieve the manufacture of high-speed, precision, smart, simple and efficiency, time, quality assurance, cost reduction, high value-added. The key lies not only in chip and software integration, but also lies in manufacturing technology and information technology integration.
Information will be manufacturing the design, production, logistics, sales and service integration, information-based manufacturing throughout the from the orders, the product of the manufacturing and processing, transportation, sales, service and other product life-cycle.
Equipment manufacturing industry will achieve industry information, software, high-value-added, network and e-commerce technology. Flexible manufacturing systems, flexible manufacturing cell, CNC system development, promotion and application, and gradually to create intelligent direction.
3), service-oriented
A service covered with product development, production, service, scrap and recycling, has become the development trend of the manufacturing sector. Services are not only conducive to maintaining the brand identity, but also enhance the market competitiveness, more importantly is to keep customers, to extend the industrial chain, more important way of industry profits.
Enterprises increasingly rely on foreign equipment to expand its operations and value-added services space, such as the U.S. General Electric Company, not only for their own users, but also for users of rival services. His service as the company's independent field, the value created by their overseas project contracting is equivalent to 70% of the total.
4), branding
Brand is to strengthen the market competitiveness and industrial upgrading key. Brand is the enterprise's comprehensive strength of the highly symbolic, innovation is the brand's core competitiveness.
The brands are a kind of intangible asset, which reflects the quality of their products, but also on behalf of corporate market development ability and stamina for sustained development. Modern market competition is not simply a product of the past price and quality competition, and more importantly, corporate image competition. Brand is the corporate image, culture, concentrated expression, is an enterprise product quality, technology, innovation, market share, marketing strategy, the overall display.
2, 2010 restructuring of China's manufacturing industry a way out
China's "global manufacturing center, the world's factory" role in a transition, Romania 100 Hui pointed out that China's manufacturing industry is an effective way to implement industrial upgrading, energy-saving emission reduction, low transition of this high value. Pearl River Delta, Yangtze River Delta has started the current production costs over many Southeast Asian countries, the traditional labor-intensive industries such as home appliances, electronics, textiles and clothing, printing and dyeing, chemical raw materials and a great impact on the toy industry.
1), Industry: Structural adjustment and upgrade
Equipment manufacturing, chemical industry overcapacity and backward, national efforts to promote industrial restructuring, to encourage high-tech industries and advanced equipment manufacturing, chemical industry development. Of the State Council officially released in June 2006, "to accelerate the revitalization of the State Council on Several Opinions of the equipment manufacturing industry," clearly the focus of China's equipment manufacturing industry breakthroughs in the revitalization of 16 equipment and products, and from six aspects of policy support to increase efforts to comprehensively improve China's equipment the manufacturing sector's international competitiveness. At the same time the state has adopted the "Interim Provisions on Promoting Industrial Structure Adjustment" and related measures to optimize the industrial structure, control of excess capacity, to encourage high-tech industries and advanced equipment manufacturing industry, optimization and upgrading of industrial structure is also the beginning. In the above policy, guidance and support, will typically affect the industry in the machinery manufacturing industries and enterprises, which included a number of electrical machinery, chemical machinery, food machinery industry, clothing and so on.
2), Industry: Energy-saving emission reduction Style
"Energy-saving emission reduction" is a high energy-consuming industries of industrial structure adjustment of the direct causes, but to save energy, reduce costs, support the high resource utilization and high productivity enterprises bigger and stronger, optimize the allocation of resources the industry is "energy-saving emission reduction" policy-oriented source of power. Along with the process of reform and opening up, China's annual economic growth rate of close to 10%, but such a high-speed development is based on the traditional "high input, high consumption and high pollution" to boost the output price. China's manufacturing labor productivity of 3.8 yuan / person-years, the United States and Japan, 4%, Germany 5.5%. Given this situation, Chinese experts called: "China's traditional manufacturing industries, while creating great wealth, but also has become a large energy consumption, and reform around the corner." In 2007 called "energy-saving emission reduction", China's " Eleventh Five-Year Plan "to determine the next five years should be saving 20%. At present, China industry, heavy industry, the development of faster than light industry, heavy industry is the fastest growing energy-intensive industries. In 2007, the iron and steel, nonferrous metals, building materials, petroleum processing, chemical and power six major high-energy line of value-added growth of 20.1%, an increase of 3.6 percentage points year on year increase. The NDRC official said that in 2007, since the state has stepped up efforts to control high energy consumption industries, from iron and steel, nonferrous metals, building materials, oil processing and coking and chemical industries to run these 5 situation, the policy effect is gradually appear, but the overall growth rate is still growing too fast.
3), Enterprise: the value of operating costs
The status of China's manufacturing industry is gradually being high-cost, low-cost strategy erosion. Respond to this change, the Chinese manufacturers have two solutions: First, the transfer to the lower cost areas, such as to China's western region, which is short-term behavior, quenching thirst with poison, this simple transfer of industries and solve the problem, but is the delay in the proliferation of overcapacity, trade imbalances and environmental pollution, and other deep-rooted problems, can rationally accept the transfer of specific projects are local governments and environmental protection departments a problem, not to mention a lot of manufacturing companies, taking into account labor and land, low-cost logistics These consolidated operating costs and so it is difficult to be determined to migration; second is the implementation of industrial upgrading and enhance product quality, grade, technical content, as well as its own brand, and to improve product prices and enhancing the "Made in China" in the global value chain status, to establish the brand and innovation technology, although the accumulation of long-term efforts needed, but it is to solve China's labor-intensive manufacturing enterprises are facing a "global manufacturing center" status was changed the fundamental solution.
3,2010-year Development Strategy
2010 has arrived for 2009 to achieve extraordinary results happy, we must also soberly aware that China's equipment manufacturing industry facing the development of internal and external environment is still very grim and stabilizing the foundation is not strong rebound, run the trend is not stable, regions, development is uneven among various sectors. A number of irrational industrial structure, some excess capacity, eliminate backward production capacity is difficult issues such as further deteriorate. Not long ago, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Miao Wei, vice minister of the analysis of China's equipment manufacturing industry is facing major problems pointed out that: The world economic recovery is still fragile, unstable, for the negative impact of China's economic development is still difficult in the short term there is a fundamental change in . The momentum of international trade protectionism is on the rise, especially against China's trade protection measures in strengthening. There are indications that China's exports face difficulties and equipment, may also continue for a long period of time. China's current share of global manufacturing industry exceeded the proportion of manufacturing into a 2015 China will become the world's largest manufacturing country. But China is still not a manufacturing power, are beginning to advance from the manufacturing powers made a manufacturing power. China International Economic Development Research Center, industry, researchers invited 100-hui Luo, China's manufacturing industry must step up efforts to adjust industrial structure, relying on scientific and technological progress to promote industrial upgrading, with the focus in five areas.
1, we must pay close attention to introduction of the relevant implementation details.
"Equipment manufacturing restructuring and revitalization of planning" a total of nine implementation details need to be developed has now introduced five; not yet been introduced in the implementation of four rules, to speed up coordination to ensure all be published before the end of the year.
2, we should further strengthen the technological transformation of the work.
Accelerate the implementation of investment plans within the technical transformation projects, track inspection of project implementation, to secure investment returns; based on industry development needs, propose technical transformation of the direction and focus for next year and do the project reserves, improve the focus of the project database; speed up the establishment to promote technological transformation of the long-term mechanism.
3, a major technical equipment necessary to focus on self-oriented.
As soon as possible "The first pieces (sets) of major technical equipment, identification and implementation of demonstration projects" and "the investment projects, equipment evaluation management approach" for major technical equipment, development and innovation to create a good environment; study and formulate the "stronger and larger equipment manufacturing The Platform for Action, "issued" a major technical equipment to guide directory of independent innovation, "clearly a major technical equipment to promote independence in the direction and focus of tasks.
4, to accelerate enterprise mergers and reorganizations.
As soon as possible and accelerating equipment manufacturing enterprise mergers and reorganizations guidance, enhance the policy relevance and operational, efforts to eliminate trans-regional, cross-sectoral, cross-ownership mergers and reorganization of the policy impediments. Be adopted to promote the healthy development of wind power equipment, guidance, to prevent overcapacity.
5, we must do a good job of nurturing and development of new industries.
Integrated into account market demand and support conditions, preliminary consideration to select energy-saving and new energy vehicles, marine engineering equipment, general-purpose aircraft and regional aircraft, rail transportation equipment, high-speed, high-performance ships and nurtured as a new pillar industry focus areas. Study and formulate "energy saving and new energy vehicles Plan of Action" issued "Guide to marine engineering equipment, scientific research" and "new scientific research ship Developer Guide" to develop common regional jet aircraft and industrial policies. Through the formulation of development policies, rely on technological advances to create new market demands, cultivate new growth points.
本文转自：China Industry News
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